Introduction & Significance Chen Pan-ling (陳攀嶺, 1892–1967) stands as one of the most important yet often understated figures in the history of modern internal Chinese martial arts. Living at a time when traditional kung fu was being challenged by social upheaval, modernization, and the demands of a changing China, Chen played a critical role in preserving, clarifying, and systematizing the internal arts of Tai Chi (Taijiquan), Bagua (Baguazhang), and Xingyi (Xingyiquan). Rath