🌼 Plant Profile - Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

🌼 Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Common Names: Calendula, Pot Marigold, Garden Marigold, Mary’s Gold

Family: Asteraceae (Daisy family)

Parts Used: Flowers (fully opened)

Energetics: Slightly warm, dry, bitter, pungent

Tissue States: Damp stagnation, heat, mild deficiency

Primary Actions: Vulnerary, lymphagogue, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, emmenagogue, antifungal, antimicrobial

Marigold

🌱 Botanical Identification

• Genus: Calendula

  The genus Calendula belongs to the Asteraceae family, which is known for its diverse range of flowering plants. This genus is characterized by its vibrant flowers and is commonly referred to as marigold. The name "Calendula" is derived from the Latin word "calendae," meaning "little calendar," as some species are known to bloom throughout the year, depending on the climate.

• Species: officinalis

  The species officinalis is widely recognized for its medicinal properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Often referred to as pot marigold, it is not only valued for its ornamental beauty but also for its ability to thrive in various conditions, making it a popular choice in gardens and herbal remedies.

• Plant Type: Annual (sometimes biennial) herb

  Calendula officinalis is primarily an annual herb, completing its life cycle within a single growing season. However, in some climates, it may exhibit biennial characteristics, where it can survive for two years. This adaptability allows it to flourish in a range of environments, from gardens to wildflower meadows, and it is often cultivated for both its beauty and utility.

• Leaves: Lanceolate, slightly sticky and aromatic

  The leaves of the pot marigold are lanceolate in shape, tapering to a point, and are typically arranged in a rosette pattern at the base of the plant. They are slightly sticky to the touch, which is due to the presence of glandular hairs that secrete aromatic oils. When crushed, the leaves release a distinct, pleasant aroma, contributing to its appeal in herbal preparations and culinary uses.

• Flowers: Bright orange or yellow, daisy-like, resinous center

  The flowers of Calendula officinalis are one of its most striking features, showcasing bright orange or yellow petals that radiate from a central, resinous disc. These daisy-like flowers are not only visually appealing but also attract various pollinators, including bees and butterflies, making them an essential part of the ecosystem. The flowers are often harvested for use in herbal remedies, skincare products, and culinary dishes, where they can add a splash of color and a hint of flavor.

• Height: 12–24 inches

  This herb typically reaches a height of 12 to 24 inches, depending on the growing conditions and the specific cultivar. Its upright growth habit and bushy appearance make it an excellent choice for garden borders, containers, and as a companion plant in vegetable gardens, where it can help deter pests and attract beneficial insects.

• Aroma/Taste: Mildly pungent, resinous, slightly bitter

  The aroma and taste of Calendula officinalis are distinctive and complex. The scent is mildly pungent and resinous, with a slightly bitter undertone that can enhance various culinary dishes. In herbal medicine, the flowers are often used in teas, tinctures, and salves, where their flavor profile adds depth to the preparations. The bitterness can also be beneficial for digestive health, making it a valuable addition to herbal remedies.

🕯 Etymology and Cultural Roots

• The name “Calendula” is derived from the Latin term calendae, which translates to “little calendar” or “first of the month.” This nomenclature is particularly significant as it reflects the plant's remarkable ability to bloom consistently throughout various seasons, often aligning with the cycles of the lunar calendar. The calendula is known for its bright and cheerful flowers that can appear in a range of colors, including yellow, orange, and even cream. This long and regular blooming period has made it a symbol of the passage of time and the cyclical nature of life, embodying the idea of renewal and the continuity of nature.

• “Mary’s Gold” is another common name for Calendula, which highlights its historical and cultural significance in Christian traditions. This name stems from the plant's association with the Virgin Mary, particularly in the context of festivals and religious offerings. During medieval times, Calendula flowers were often used in altars and processions dedicated to Mary, symbolizing purity and maternal care. The vibrant blooms were believed to bring blessings and protection, making them a favored choice for decorative purposes in churches and during religious ceremonies. This connection to the divine has further solidified Calendula's place in various cultural practices, where it is often included in rituals intended to invoke spiritual protection and guidance.

• Calendula is widely revered in folk medicine and magical traditions, where it is believed to possess various protective properties. In many cultures, the flowers are used in herbal remedies to treat a range of ailments, including skin irritations, wounds, and inflammation. Beyond its medicinal uses, Calendula has also been incorporated into magical practices, where it is thought to enhance psychic vision and provide solar blessings. Practitioners of herbal magic often use Calendula in spells and rituals aimed at attracting positive energy, abundance, and purification. The bright, sunny appearance of the flowers is seen as a representation of the sun's life-giving energy, making them a powerful symbol in both healing and protective rituals. This multifaceted role in both medicine and magic underscores the deep cultural roots and enduring significance of Calendula throughout history.

🏞 Habitat and Growing Conditions

• Calendula is a flowering plant that is native to the Mediterranean region. This vibrant plant has adapted well to a variety of climates and is now widely naturalized around the world, flourishing in diverse environments from temperate zones to subtropical regions. Its ability to thrive in various soil types and conditions has led to its popularity among gardeners and herbalists alike.

• This hardy plant thrives best in full sun, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to produce its bright, cheerful blooms. Calendula prefers well-drained soil, as overly wet conditions can lead to root rot and other diseases. Gardeners often amend their soil with organic matter, such as compost, to enhance drainage and fertility. It is commonly grown in gardens, borders, and even in containers, making it a versatile choice for both ornamental and practical purposes.

• One of the remarkable features of Calendula is its extended blooming period; it typically blooms from early spring until frost, particularly in temperate climates. This long flowering season not only provides continuous color to gardens but also attracts pollinators such as bees and butterflies, contributing to the overall health of the garden ecosystem. In warmer climates, with mild winters, Calendula can continue to produce flowers well into the fall, offering a prolonged display of its bright orange and yellow petals.

• For those interested in the medicinal properties of Calendula, it is essential to note that the flowers should be harvested fresh when they are fully open. This is when the flowers contain the highest concentration of beneficial compounds. Harvesting should ideally be done in the morning after the dew has evaporated but before the heat of the day sets in, as this helps to preserve the plant's medicinal qualities. The fresh petals can be used to make tinctures, oils, and salves, showcasing the plant's versatility in both culinary and therapeutic applications.

📜 Traditional and Historical Uses

🔸 Western Herbalism:

• Calendula has been revered in Western herbalism for its remarkable properties, particularly when used topically. It serves as a wound healer, promoting the rapid closure of cuts and abrasions by stimulating tissue regeneration. Its anti-inflammatory effects help to alleviate swelling and redness associated with injuries, while its antiseptic qualities protect against infection, making it a staple in herbal medicine cabinets for first aid.

• When taken internally, calendula is recognized as a powerful lymphatic cleanser. It is particularly beneficial for addressing issues related to skin eruptions, swollen glands, and infections. This cleansing action helps to facilitate lymphatic drainage, which is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system and reducing the risk of chronic inflammatory conditions.

• In the realm of women's health, calendula has traditionally been employed as an emmenagogue, a herb known to stimulate and regulate menstrual cycles. It is often used to soothe uterine inflammation, providing relief from discomfort associated with menstruation and supporting overall reproductive health.

• Calendula is also beneficial for digestive health, as it calms gastric inflammation and aids in the healing of ulcers. It can be particularly effective for individuals experiencing biliary sluggishness, as it promotes bile flow and supports liver function, further enhancing digestive efficiency.

• This versatile herb is commonly added to a variety of preparations, including salves, oils, teas, tinctures, and flower essences. Each form of preparation allows for different applications and benefits, ensuring that the healing properties of calendula can be utilized in numerous ways to suit individual needs.

🔸 Folk Medicine:

• In folk medicine, calendula has a rich history of being soaked in oil or lard to create balms that are effective for treating wounds, insect bites, stings, chapped skin, and even varicose veins. The infused oils capture the healing properties of the flowers, allowing for a soothing application that can promote skin health and alleviate discomfort from various ailments.

• Calendula can be taken internally or applied as a compress to provide relief for swollen lymph nodes and alleviate breast congestion. This dual approach not only helps to reduce inflammation but also supports lymphatic circulation, which is crucial for detoxification and overall health.

• In various European traditions, infusions of calendula were commonly utilized to treat a range of conditions, including fevers, jaundice, and blood stagnation. The use of calendula in these contexts highlights its versatility and effectiveness as a natural remedy, demonstrating its long-standing role in traditional healing practices across different cultures.

🔬 Pharmacology and Chemical Constituents

Key Constituents:

• Triterpenoids: Among the various triterpenoids found in Calendula, faradiol esters stand out due to their notable anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are known to play a significant role in modulating inflammatory responses, making them beneficial for conditions where inflammation is a key concern. Their presence contributes to the overall therapeutic potential of Calendula, especially in topical applications aimed at soothing irritated skin.

• Flavonoids: The flavonoids quercetin and isorhamnetin are prominent in Calendula and are recognized for their powerful antioxidant capabilities. These compounds help combat oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, thus protecting cells from damage. This antioxidant activity is crucial not only for skin health but also for overall well-being, as it supports various physiological processes and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

• Carotenoids: Lutein and zeaxanthin are the main carotenoids found in Calendula, known for their vibrant yellow and orange pigments. These carotenoids are essential for maintaining skin and eye health, providing protection against UV radiation and oxidative damage. Lutein, in particular, is recognized for its role in supporting vision and may help in preventing age-related macular degeneration, while zeaxanthin contributes to skin hydration and elasticity.

• Essential oils: The essential oils in Calendula, which include monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, exhibit significant antimicrobial properties. These compounds are effective against a range of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, making Calendula a valuable ingredient in formulations aimed at treating skin infections and promoting skin health. Their aromatic qualities also enhance the sensory experience of using Calendula-based products.

• Polysaccharides: The polysaccharides present in Calendula play a crucial role in immune modulation and soothing irritated tissues. These complex carbohydrates can enhance the skin's barrier function, providing hydration and promoting healing. Their soothing properties make them particularly beneficial for sensitive skin, helping to alleviate redness and discomfort while supporting the skin’s natural repair processes.

Pharmacological Actions:

• Wound healing: Calendula is well-known for its ability to stimulate epithelial repair and granulation tissue formation. This makes it an excellent choice for treating minor cuts, abrasions, and other skin injuries. The compounds in Calendula enhance blood flow to the affected area, promoting quicker healing and reducing the risk of infection, thereby facilitating a more efficient recovery process.

• Anti-inflammatory: The anti-inflammatory effects of Calendula are particularly pronounced when applied topically. This makes it an effective remedy for various inflammatory skin conditions, such as eczema and dermatitis. The ability to reduce swelling and redness while promoting comfort makes Calendula a popular choice in natural skincare regimens.

• Lymphagogue: Calendula is recognized for its lymphagogue properties, which enhance the movement and drainage of lymphatic fluid. This action is essential for maintaining a healthy lymphatic system, which plays a vital role in immune function and detoxification. By promoting lymphatic drainage, Calendula can support overall health and well-being.

• Antimicrobial and antifungal: The antimicrobial and antifungal properties of Calendula make it particularly useful in treating skin infections, including those caused by bacteria and fungi such as candida. Its effectiveness in these areas makes it a valuable ingredient in herbal medicine and natural skincare products, providing a safe and effective means of addressing common skin issues.

• Cholagogue: Calendula's cholagogue action increases bile flow, which is beneficial for digestion and liver health. By stimulating bile production, Calendula aids in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats, thereby enhancing overall digestive efficiency. This property makes it a valuable herb for individuals seeking to support their digestive health naturally.

• Mild estrogenic activity: Some studies suggest that Calendula may exhibit mild estrogenic activity, which could potentially support menstrual regulation in women. This property may help alleviate symptoms associated with hormonal fluctuations, providing a natural option for those seeking relief from menstrual discomfort.

🧪 Modern Herbal Uses

• As a topical salve or oil for:

  • Cuts, scrapes, abrasions: Calendula is renowned for its remarkable healing properties, making it an excellent choice for treating minor wounds. The antiseptic qualities of calendula help to prevent infection while promoting faster healing of the skin. When applied as a salve or oil, it not only soothes the skin but also reduces inflammation and encourages the regeneration of new tissue, ultimately leading to less scarring.

  • Eczema, psoriasis, acne: The anti-inflammatory and soothing properties of calendula are particularly beneficial for individuals suffering from chronic skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Its natural ability to hydrate and nourish the skin can alleviate dryness and irritation. For acne, calendula’s antibacterial properties help to combat the bacteria that contribute to breakouts, while its healing effects promote clearer skin over time.

  • Radiation burns, diaper rash, cracked nipples: Calendula's gentle and soothing nature makes it a preferred remedy for sensitive skin issues. It has been widely used to alleviate the discomfort associated with radiation burns, helping to soothe and heal the affected areas. For diaper rash, calendula can provide quick relief to irritated skin, reducing redness and promoting healing. Additionally, nursing mothers often turn to calendula for its ability to soothe cracked nipples, providing both comfort and healing during a challenging time.

• As an internal tea or tincture for:

  • Lymphatic stagnation (e.g. swollen glands, acne, cystic breasts): Calendula is known to support lymphatic health, which is essential for detoxification and immune function. Drinking calendula tea or taking it as a tincture may help to stimulate lymphatic flow, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with lymphatic stagnation, such as swollen glands and cystic breast issues. This internal use can also help clear up skin issues like acne by promoting overall lymphatic drainage.

  • Menstrual discomfort or irregularity: For many women, calendula is a valuable ally in managing menstrual discomfort. Its antispasmodic properties can help reduce cramps, while its ability to promote circulation may assist in regulating menstrual cycles. Drinking calendula tea may provide relief from bloating and other symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, making it a holistic option for those seeking natural remedies.

  • Digestive inflammation (e.g. ulcers, gastritis): Calendula has been traditionally used to soothe digestive ailments due to its anti-inflammatory properties. When consumed as a tea or tincture, it may help to calm the lining of the stomach and intestines, providing relief from conditions such as ulcers and gastritis. Its gentle action can promote healing within the digestive tract, making it a supportive herb for overall digestive health.

• As an eyewash (diluted tea) for conjunctivitis: The soothing properties of calendula extend to eye care as well. A diluted tea made from calendula flowers can be used as an eyewash to help alleviate symptoms of conjunctivitis, such as redness and irritation. Its natural anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities can provide comfort and support healing in the delicate tissues of the eyes.

• As a flower essence: The essence of calendula is believed to support emotional well-being, particularly in areas related to communication and self-expression. It is often used to foster clear communication and heart-centered expression, encouraging individuals to speak their truth with warmth and authenticity. This makes calendula flower essence a valuable tool in holistic practices aimed at enhancing emotional health and interpersonal relationships.

🌿 Preparations and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

• To prepare a soothing infusion, use 1–2 teaspoons of dried calendula petals for each cup of boiling water. The petals should be fresh, vibrant, and preferably organic to ensure the highest quality.

• After adding the dried petals to the boiling water, allow the mixture to steep for a duration of 10–15 minutes. This steeping process is crucial as it allows the beneficial properties of calendula to be extracted into the water. Once steeped, strain the mixture to remove the petals, and the tea can be consumed.

• For those seeking internal lymphatic or menstrual support, it is recommended to drink this infusion 1–3 times a day. Regular consumption can help support overall health and wellness, particularly during times of hormonal fluctuation or when the lymphatic system needs a gentle boost.

Tincture (1:5 in 40% alcohol):

• The tincture of calendula can be prepared by using a ratio of 1 part dried calendula flowers to 5 parts alcohol, typically at 40% concentration. This method of extraction captures the potent medicinal properties of the flowers in a concentrated liquid form.

• For dosage, it is advisable to take 1–2 mL of the tincture, up to three times a day. This can be conveniently measured using a dropper for precision. The tincture is an excellent option for those who prefer a more concentrated form of calendula.

• Additionally, this tincture may also be utilized topically; when diluted with water, it can serve as an effective solution for washing wounds. This application harnesses the antiseptic and healing properties of calendula, promoting skin recovery and reducing the risk of infection.

Oil Infusion (for external use):

• To create an oil infusion, immerse calendula flowers in a carrier oil, such as olive oil, and let the mixture steep for a period of 2–4 weeks. This slow infusion process allows the oil to absorb the beneficial compounds found in the flowers, resulting in a rich, therapeutic oil.

• After the infusion period, strain the mixture to remove the solid flower material, leaving behind a fragrant and potent oil. This infused oil can be used in various ways: as a massage oil to soothe sore muscles, as a base for homemade salves, or incorporated into creams for enhanced skin nourishment.

Salve/Ointment:

• For those looking to create a protective and healing balm, combining calendula-infused oil with beeswax is an excellent approach. The beeswax acts as a natural emulsifier and thickener, giving the salve its desired consistency while also providing a barrier to protect the skin.

• This salve can be applied to minor cuts, scrapes, and other skin irritations, leveraging the anti-inflammatory and healing properties of calendula. It is particularly useful for dry, chapped skin or for soothing rashes, making it a versatile addition to any natural remedy kit.

⚠️ Contraindications & Safety

• Generally very safe and well tolerated by most individuals, calendula is often used in various forms, including topical ointments, creams, and herbal infusions. Its extensive history of use in traditional medicine and modern herbalism highlights its reputation as a gentle and effective botanical remedy.

• However, it is important to note that calendula may cause allergic reactions in individuals who are sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family. This family includes common allergens such as ragweed, chamomile, and echinacea. Those with known allergies to these plants should exercise caution when using calendula products, as they may experience symptoms ranging from mild skin irritation to more severe allergic responses, including anaphylaxis in rare cases.

• Calendula has a mild emmenagogue action, which means it can stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus. While this property can be beneficial for regulating menstrual cycles, it is advisable to avoid high doses of calendula during pregnancy, particularly in the early stages. The potential for increased uterine contractions may pose risks, and therefore, pregnant individuals should consult healthcare professionals before using calendula in any form.

• Additionally, it is crucial to avoid application to deep or puncture wounds unless these wounds have been properly cleaned and assessed by a healthcare provider. While calendula is known for its wound-healing properties, applying it to unclean wounds can lead to infection or complications. Proper wound care practices should always be followed, which include cleaning the area thoroughly and seeking medical advice when necessary.

🔮 Spiritual, Magical, and Esoteric Lore

Calendula, often referred to as the sun herb, embodies the very essence of sunlight in its vibrant hue and energetic properties. This remarkable plant is not just a simple flower; it is imbued with qualities that are light-bringing, protective, and uplifting. Traditionally, Calendula has been celebrated for its ability to bring cheer into the lives of those who encounter it, serving as a natural remedy to brighten moods and instill a sense of joy. Furthermore, it has long been revered for its protective qualities, believed to shield individuals from negative influences and emotional turmoil that can cloud one's spirit.

• Element: Fire

• Planetary Association: Sun

• Chakras: Solar Plexus (Manipura), Heart (Anahata)

• Spirit Actions: Warming, clearing, dispelling emotional stagnation, bringing light to dark moods

Magical Uses:

• Calendula can be hung in doorways or placed strategically throughout the home to invite protection and luck, creating a barrier against negative energies that may seek to disrupt harmony.

• In the realm of divination, Calendula is used in various practices, including dream pillows, where its essence enhances psychic clarity, allowing for deeper insights and more vivid dream experiences.

• Infusing Calendula in bath water is a delightful practice that promotes joy, confidence, and clarity. This ritual not only rejuvenates the body but also uplifts the spirit, creating a sanctuary of warmth and positivity.

• When burned or worn, Calendula serves as a powerful ally to banish melancholy and self-doubt, helping individuals to reclaim their inner strength and embrace their true selves with confidence.

Flower Essence Insight:

• Calendula encourages warm-hearted communication, fostering connections that are genuine and filled with love. It helps individuals express their feelings openly and honestly, nurturing relationships.

• This flower essence also clears energetic inflammation caused by criticism and harsh words, allowing individuals to release past hurts and move forward with a lighter heart.

• For those with sensitive hearts, Calendula provides the support needed to develop a radiant presence and self-expression, encouraging them to shine brightly in their uniqueness.

✨ Doctrine of Signatures & Subtle Energetics

• Its vivid golden hue not only captivates the eye but also serves as a profound reflection of its sun-aligned properties. This radiant color symbolizes illumination, warmth, and radiance, embodying the very essence of sunlight. In many cultures, the color gold has been associated with vitality and life force, suggesting that Calendula carries these energies within its petals. The brightness of its hue can uplift the spirit and inspire feelings of joy and positivity, making it a powerful ally in herbal medicine and holistic practices.

• The sticky, resinous center of Calendula flowers is a remarkable feature that mirrors its action of drawing out infection and stagnation from the body. This characteristic is not merely a physical attribute but serves as a metaphor for its healing properties. Just as the resinous center traps and holds onto substances, Calendula has the ability to absorb impurities and promote healing in wounds and infections. Its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory qualities make it a valuable herb in traditional medicine, where it is often used in salves and ointments to facilitate the healing process and restore balance to the affected areas.

• Its habit of opening in sunlight is a beautiful reminder of the importance of aligning with the natural cycles of light and clarity. Calendula blossoms unfurl in response to the sun's rays, embodying the principle of growth and transformation that occurs when one is exposed to light. This behavior serves as a metaphor for personal growth and the pursuit of clarity in one's life. By embracing the warmth and illumination of the sun, we can cultivate our own inner light, fostering a sense of well-being and vitality. Calendula, therefore, not only represents the physical healing properties of plants but also encourages us to seek out the light in our lives, reminding us that just like the flower, we too can bloom when nourished by positivity and clarity.

💚 Closing Thoughts

Calendula is a healer of skin and spirit, a gentle solar ally that encourages regeneration, vitality, and cheerful resilience. It supports the unseen flow of lymph, the seen bloom of skin, and the inner light of joy.

“Wherever sunshine is needed — within or without — Calendula will find its way.”