🌼 Plant Profile - Spilanthes (Acmella oleracea)

Josh Goheen
5 days ago
13 min read

🌼 Spilanthes

Botanical Name: Acmella oleracea (formerly Spilanthes acmella)

Family: Asteraceae

Common Names: Toothache Plant, Buzz Buttons, Electric Daisy, Eyeball Plant

Parts Used: Fresh or dried flowering heads and leaves

Energetics: Warming, stimulating, penetrating, dispersing

Tissue States: Stagnation, coldness, damp congestion

Primary Actions: Sialagogue (induces saliva), immune tonic, lymphatic stimulant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, carminative

🌱 Botanical Description

A low-growing tropical/perennial herb that typically reaches a height of about 30 to 45 centimeters. This remarkable plant is characterized by its striking round yellow flowers, which feature a distinctive dark red center that closely resembles an “eyeball.” This unique floral structure not only adds to its visual appeal but also plays a crucial role in attracting various pollinators, including bees and butterflies, which are essential for its reproduction.
The leaves of Spilanthes are soft to the touch, displaying a vibrant green color, and they possess a somewhat triangular shape that can vary slightly in size. These leaves are not only aesthetically pleasing but also serve important ecological functions, providing habitat and food for a variety of insects. The leaf arrangement is typically alternate, and they may exhibit a slightly serrated edge, contributing to the plant’s overall texture and appearance.
The flowers of Spilanthes are particularly notable for their high concentration of spilanthol, a bioactive compound that is responsible for the characteristic tingling and numbing sensation experienced when the flowers are chewed. This unique property has garnered interest in both culinary and medicinal applications, as spilanthol is believed to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The flowers bloom in clusters, creating a vibrant display that enhances the plant's ornamental value.

Native to: The tropical Amazon region, where it thrives in the rich biodiversity of the rainforest ecosystem, benefiting from the warm temperatures and ample rainfall.

Now cultivated in:

South America, where it is often found in home gardens and local markets, celebrated for its culinary uses.
India, where it is cultivated not only for its culinary applications but also for its traditional medicinal properties in Ayurvedic practices.
Southeast Asia, where it has become a popular addition to various dishes, contributing to the region's rich culinary heritage.
Southern U.S. gardens, where it is appreciated as an ornamental plant, adding color and interest to garden landscapes while also attracting beneficial insects.

Spilanthes prefers warm climates, typically thriving in areas with consistent temperatures above 20°C (68°F). It flourishes in rich, well-draining soil that is high in organic matter, allowing for optimal nutrient absorption. The plant requires steady moisture to support its growth, making regular watering essential, particularly during dry spells. Additionally, it thrives best in full sun, as exposure to direct sunlight enhances its flowering potential and overall vigor. In cultivation, it is often recommended to provide some protection from extreme heat or frost, ensuring a healthy and robust growth cycle.

📜 History & Traditional Use

Spilanthes, a remarkable herb known for its unique properties, has a rich history of use in various traditional medicinal systems across the globe. This fascinating plant has been utilized by different cultures, each contributing to its esteemed reputation in herbal medicine.

Amazonian tribal medicine
In the Amazon rainforest, indigenous tribes have long cherished Spilanthes for its therapeutic benefits. The plant is often incorporated into their healing rituals and remedies, where it is believed to possess both physical and spiritual healing properties. The tribes utilize the leaves and flowers to treat a variety of ailments, showcasing the deep connection they have with the natural world and their understanding of local flora.
Ayurvedic medicine (as Akarakarabha)
In the ancient practice of Ayurveda, Spilanthes is referred to as Akarakarabha, highlighting its significance in this holistic health system. It is traditionally used to balance the body's doshas, particularly in enhancing digestion and combating various ailments. Ayurvedic practitioners often recommend Spilanthes for its ability to stimulate the digestive fire (Agni) and to promote overall wellness by harmonizing the body's energies.
Southeast Asian folk medicine
Throughout Southeast Asia, Spilanthes has found a place in folk medicine, where it is utilized for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Local healers often prescribe the plant for its effectiveness in treating common ailments, reflecting the region's deep-rooted traditions of herbal healing. The plant is not only valued for its medicinal qualities but also as a culinary ingredient that adds a unique flavor to local dishes.

Traditional roles include:

Relief of toothaches and oral inflammation
One of the most well-known uses of Spilanthes is for alleviating toothaches and reducing oral inflammation. The herb's natural numbing effect makes it a popular choice for those seeking relief from dental discomfort. Its antimicrobial properties also contribute to oral health, helping to combat infections and promote healing in the mouth.
Immune stimulation during cold, flu, or fever-onset
Spilanthes is recognized for its immune-boosting capabilities, particularly during the onset of colds, flu, or fevers. By stimulating the immune system, this herb helps the body to fend off infections more effectively, enhancing overall resilience during times of illness.
Lymph system activation — for swollen glands or sluggish immunity
Another traditional application of Spilanthes involves its role in activating the lymphatic system. It is often used to address issues such as swollen glands or sluggish immunity, helping to promote lymphatic drainage and improve overall bodily function. This activation is essential for maintaining a healthy immune response and ensuring that toxins are efficiently eliminated from the body.
Supporting digestion in damp, sluggish conditions
In traditional practices, Spilanthes is also employed to support digestion, particularly in conditions characterized by dampness and sluggishness. The herb is believed to enhance digestive processes, alleviate bloating, and promote the efficient absorption of nutrients, making it a valuable ally for those experiencing digestive disturbances.

In folk practice, chewed fresh flowers were used to:

Numb pain
The fresh flowers of Spilanthes are often chewed to create a numbing sensation, providing immediate relief from pain in various parts of the body. This natural analgesic effect is particularly sought after in folk medicine, where quick and effective pain relief is essential.
Wake up appetite
Additionally, the act of chewing the flowers is believed to stimulate the appetite, making it a useful remedy for those who struggle with eating due to illness or other factors. The invigorating properties of Spilanthes help to awaken the senses and encourage a desire for food.
Increase circulation to the face and mouth
Chewing the flowers also promotes increased circulation to the face and mouth, which can enhance overall oral health and vitality. Improved blood flow in these areas supports healing and contributes to a vibrant appearance.
Stimulate immunity through the oral mucosa
Finally, the stimulation of the immune system through the oral mucosa is another significant benefit of chewing Spilanthes flowers. This method of consumption allows the active compounds in the herb to interact directly with the immune cells present in the mouth, thus enhancing the body's defenses against pathogens.

🩺 Medicinal Actions & Indications

1. 🦷 Oral & Dental Support

Provides rapid temporary pain relief for a variety of oral health issues:
- Toothache: Spilanthes has been traditionally used for its analgesic properties, providing quick relief from the sharp, throbbing pain associated with tooth decay or dental procedures.
- Gum inflammation: The anti-inflammatory properties of Spilanthes can help reduce swelling and discomfort in the gums, making it a valuable ally in managing gingivitis and other periodontal issues.
- Mouth ulcers: The soothing effects of Spilanthes can accelerate healing and alleviate the pain of canker sores and other types of mouth ulcers, promoting faster recovery.
- Sore throats: By acting as a natural analgesic, Spilanthes can help soothe the irritation and pain associated with sore throats, providing comfort during illnesses like colds or flu.
Additionally, Spilanthes stimulates saliva production, which is particularly beneficial in cases of dry mouth (xerostomia). This condition can lead to discomfort and difficulties in speaking or swallowing, and the increased saliva flow helps to moisten the oral cavity, enhancing overall oral health and comfort.

2. 🛡️ Immune Activation

Spilanthes enhances the innate immune response, making it especially effective during the early stages of infections. This activation of the immune system is crucial for the body’s defense against pathogens.
It is particularly useful in the following contexts:
- Cold and flu onset: Spilanthes can help the body respond more effectively to the initial symptoms of cold and flu, potentially reducing the severity and duration of these illnesses.
- Chronic low-grade infections: For individuals suffering from persistent infections that do not fully resolve, Spilanthes may provide the necessary immune support to help combat these ongoing health challenges.
- Slow-to-recover immune deficiency states: Those who experience prolonged recovery times from illnesses may benefit from the immune-boosting qualities of Spilanthes, which can help restore balance and enhance overall health.

3. 💧 Lymphatic & Circulatory Stimulation

Spilanthes is known for its ability to move stagnation within the body, which can be particularly effective in reducing swollen lymph nodes. This action is vital for maintaining a healthy lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in immune function and fluid balance.
The areas where Spilanthes is most effective include:
- Throat: Swelling in the lymph nodes around the throat can be alleviated, promoting better respiratory health and reducing discomfort during infections.
- Jaw / neck: The anti-inflammatory properties of Spilanthes can help reduce swelling in the neck and jaw area, which is often associated with dental issues or infections.
- Chest: Spilanthes may aid in reducing lymphatic congestion in the chest area, supporting overall respiratory health and enhancing circulation.

4. 💨 Digestive Fire Support

Spilanthes plays a significant role in stimulating saliva and digestive secretions, which are essential for proper digestion and nutrient absorption. This stimulation helps to kickstart the digestive process, making it more efficient.
It is particularly useful for addressing several digestive concerns:
- Poor appetite: For individuals struggling with a lack of appetite, Spilanthes can help stimulate the desire to eat, making meals more enjoyable and nutritious.
- Sluggish digestion: Those experiencing slow or inefficient digestion may find relief through the digestive-enhancing properties of Spilanthes, which can help to alleviate symptoms such as bloating and discomfort.
- Cold-damp digestive patterns: In traditional herbal medicine, Spilanthes is often recommended for individuals who exhibit signs of cold and dampness in their digestive system, helping to restore balance and promote healthy digestion.

🔬 Key Constituents

Spilanthol – This is one of the most prominent active compounds found in Spilanthes, renowned for its unique tingling and numbing sensation when consumed. Spilanthol is not only valued for its sensory effects but also for its broad spectrum of biological activities. Research has highlighted its antimicrobial properties, making it effective against various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, spilanthol exhibits immunomodulatory effects, which means it can help modulate and enhance the immune response, potentially offering benefits in managing inflammatory conditions and supporting overall health.
Alkylamides – These compounds are significant due to their structural similarity to those found in echinacea, a well-known herb used for immune support. The alkylamides in Spilanthes are thought to work synergistically with echinacea, enhancing their overall efficacy. This synergistic pairing may amplify the immune-boosting effects, making Spilanthes a valuable addition to herbal formulations aimed at promoting health and wellness, particularly in the context of immune system support and resilience against infections.
Flavonoids – A diverse group of phytonutrients, flavonoids are known for their antioxidant properties, which help combat oxidative stress in the body. In Spilanthes, these compounds contribute to the plant's health benefits by protecting cells from damage and supporting cardiovascular health. Additionally, flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can aid in reducing inflammation and promoting overall well-being. Their presence in Spilanthes adds to the herb's potential as a natural remedy for various ailments.
Essential oils – The essential oils extracted from Spilanthes contribute to its aromatic profile and therapeutic properties. These oils are often rich in various bioactive compounds that can exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. The essential oils not only enhance the flavor and aroma of the herb but also play a crucial role in its traditional uses for treating various health issues. They can be utilized in aromatherapy, topical applications, or as flavoring agents in culinary practices.
Triterpenes – These naturally occurring compounds are known for their diverse biological activities. In Spilanthes, triterpenes may contribute to the herb's anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties, promoting liver health and aiding in detoxification processes. Their presence underscores the potential of Spilanthes as a holistic remedy, supporting various bodily functions and enhancing overall health. Triterpenes are also studied for their potential in cancer prevention and treatment, making them a valuable component of this remarkable plant.

⚗️ Preparations & Dosage

Form	Use & Dose
Chewed Fresh Flower	½–1 flower chewed until tingling; spit or swallow
Tincture (Fresh plant)	1–3 mL, up to 3x/day (1:2–1:3 in 95% alcohol works best)
Tincture (Dried plant)	3–5 mL up to 3x/day (weaker than fresh)
Infused Oil / Salve	Apply to gums or lymph massage zones
Glycerite	A child-friendly immune tonic (still produces tingling, though gentler)

Note: The effect is strongest when medicine is held in the mouth before swallowing.

⚠️ Contraindications & Cautions

Avoid in pregnancy—Traditional herbal medicine often advises caution during pregnancy due to the potential uterine stimulant effects of Spilanthes. These effects could potentially lead to complications, including premature labor or other adverse outcomes. It is crucial for pregnant individuals to consult with a healthcare professional before considering the use of Spilanthes or any herbal supplements during this sensitive period.
Avoid with severe autoimmune overstimulation conditions unless guided by a practitioner. Individuals suffering from autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may experience exacerbated symptoms if Spilanthes is consumed, as it can stimulate the immune system. Therefore, it is essential to seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider to ensure safety and appropriate management of these conditions.
Large amounts may cause excessive saliva or digestive heat. While Spilanthes is known for its unique ability to stimulate salivation and enhance digestive processes, consuming it in excessive quantities can lead to discomfort. Symptoms may include an overproduction of saliva, which can be bothersome, as well as a sensation of heat in the digestive tract. Moderation is key to avoiding these uncomfortable side effects.
Mild tingling is expected; intense numbness indicates too high a dose. The characteristic tingling sensation that many experience when consuming Spilanthes is a normal reaction due to its active compounds. However, if an individual experiences intense numbness, this may be a sign of overconsumption or sensitivity to the herb. It is advisable to reduce the dosage or discontinue use if such symptoms arise, and to consult with a healthcare professional if there are concerns.

Generally, very safe when used appropriately. When taken in recommended amounts and under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner, Spilanthes can be a beneficial addition to herbal regimens. Its safety profile is well-regarded, but like any herbal remedy, awareness and caution are essential to maximize benefits while minimizing potential risks. Always consider individual health conditions and consult with a healthcare provider to ensure safe usage tailored to personal health needs.

🔮 Spiritual & Esoteric Lore

Spilanthes holds a significant place within various spiritual and esoteric traditions. Its energetic qualities are deeply intertwined with the natural world, making it a powerful ally in spiritual practices. This remarkable plant is associated with several key themes that emphasize its transformative potential:

Awakening: Spilanthes is believed to awaken dormant energies within individuals, helping them to connect with their inner selves and the universe around them. This awakening process can lead to heightened awareness and a deeper understanding of one's purpose and place in the world.
Activation: The plant is known for its ability to activate various aspects of the mind and spirit. By stimulating the senses and enhancing perception, Spilanthes encourages individuals to take action and pursue their goals with vigor and enthusiasm.
Unblocking stagnation: Often, individuals may find themselves feeling stuck or trapped in their current circumstances. Spilanthes is said to help clear these blockages, allowing for the free flow of energy and creativity. This unblocking can facilitate personal growth and transformation.
Returning life-force to the present moment: In a world filled with distractions and past regrets, Spilanthes serves as a reminder to return to the present. Its energetic properties help to ground individuals, encouraging them to reconnect with their life-force and embrace the here and now.

In Amazonian energetic medicine, Spilanthes is utilized for a variety of purposes, particularly in addressing emotional and psychological challenges:

Break through emotional numbness or shutdown: Many people experience periods of emotional numbness, where feelings become dulled or suppressed. Spilanthes is employed to help individuals break through these barriers, allowing them to feel and process their emotions fully.
Stimulate “spark” in low-vitality or depressed states: When energy levels are low, or when one is feeling down, Spilanthes can provide a vital spark. This stimulation can uplift the spirit and reinvigorate the mind, promoting a sense of vitality and enthusiasm for life.
Move stuck grief lodged in the chest or throat: Grief can manifest physically, often creating sensations of tightness or discomfort in the chest and throat. Spilanthes is believed to facilitate the release of this trapped grief, promoting healing and emotional release.

Correspondences

Element: Fire with Water harmonizing: The combination of Fire and Water elements represents a balance between passion and emotion. Fire signifies action, energy, and transformation, while Water embodies intuition, fluidity, and healing. Together, they create a powerful synergy that enhances the effects of Spilanthes.
Planet: Mars (activation) + Mercury (communication): Mars, the planet of action and assertiveness, aligns with Spilanthes' ability to activate and energize. In contrast, Mercury, the planet of communication, emphasizes the importance of expression and clarity, reinforcing the plant's role in enhancing verbal and non-verbal communication.
Chakras: Throat (speech, expression), Solar Plexus (agency, drive): The Throat chakra is associated with communication and self-expression, while the Solar Plexus chakra is linked to personal power and will. Spilanthes is thought to stimulate and balance these chakras, empowering individuals to express themselves boldly and confidently.

In ritual practices, Spilanthes is often used for specific purposes that align with its energetic properties:

“Wake the spirit”: Rituals involving Spilanthes can serve to awaken the spirit within, encouraging individuals to connect with their higher selves and embrace their true nature.
Electrify dull or blocked energy: The plant's invigorating properties can be harnessed in rituals designed to clear stagnant energy, helping participants feel revitalized and ready to take on new challenges.
Restore boldness and clarity: Rituals incorporating Spilanthes can help restore a sense of boldness and clarity, empowering individuals to pursue their desires with confidence and determination.

🧾 Doctrine of Signatures

The round “eye” flower, which is a distinctive feature of Spilanthes, symbolizes clarity, awareness, and alertness in the context of the Doctrine of Signatures. This principle, rooted in herbal medicine, suggests that the physical characteristics of a plant can indicate its therapeutic properties. The circular shape of the flower resembles an eye, which is often associated with vision and perception. Thus, it serves as a metaphorical reminder that consuming this plant may enhance one’s mental clarity and awareness, promoting a heightened state of consciousness and focus. In traditional herbal practices, the visual attributes of plants often guide practitioners in their selection for specific ailments, making the round flower a significant indicator of Spilanthes' potential benefits for cognitive functions.
The tingling sensation that one experiences upon consuming Spilanthes is not merely a curious side effect; rather, it mirrors the plant's primary function in stimulating the body. This sensation is a direct reflection of the plant's ability to invigorate and energize the system, prompting both physical and energetic responses. When ingested, Spilanthes encourages circulation, thereby "getting the juices flowing" in a literal sense, as it enhances blood flow and promotes better oxygenation of tissues. Energetically, this stimulation can lead to increased vitality and a sense of rejuvenation, making it a popular choice among herbalists for those seeking to boost their overall energy levels. The tingling effect is often described as a refreshing wake-up call for the senses, aligning perfectly with the idea that Spilanthes can help individuals feel more alive and engaged with their surroundings.